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Back-end ratio - How To Discuss

Mia Fernandez |

Back-end ratio,

Definition of Back-end ratio:

  1. One of the ratios used by lenders in judging an applicants capacity to pay back a home mortgage loan. Lower this ratio is, the better qualified the applicant is for the loan. Also called back ratio. See also front end ratio. Formula: (All other loan installments + Installment on the applied-for loan + Monthly-portion of estimated property taxes + Monthly-portion of home-insurance premium) ÷ Gross monthly income.

Meaning of Back-end ratio & Back-end ratio Definition

Back-End Ratio,

How To Define Back-End Ratio?

The definition of Back-End Ratio is: The back-end index, also called the debt ratio, is an index that shows how much a person's monthly income is spent to pay off debt. Total monthly debt includes expenses such as mortgage payments (principal, interest, taxes and insurance), credit card payments, repayment of debts and other debts.

Literal Meanings of Back-End Ratio

Back:

Meanings of Back:

  1. The posterior surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips.

  2. An aspect or part of something that is too far away from the audience, or the direction in which it is moving or reversing.

  3. A field player whose starting position is behind the front lines.

  4. Take a step back to the opposite step that you saw or did.

  5. Express previous or normal state.

  6. Then or before

  7. Behind.

  8. Provide financial, material or moral support a.

  9. Go or come back

  10. Cover the back (of something) to support, protect or decorate.

Sentences of Back

  1. Fell on his back

  2. There is a deserted garden behind the hotel

  3. His back shows impressive movement and passing

  4. He took a step back

  5. He put the book back on the shelf

  6. In 1955 there was a fortune

  7. They answered me

  8. There is a journalistic empire that supports it

  9. I stepped back and went back to the highway

  10. Mirror from a tortoise shell

  11. The path leads to many cafes

Synonyms of Back

rear, rear side, other side, full back, back, sweeper, backwards, behind one, to one's rear, rearwards, sponsor, finance, put up the money for, fund, subsidize, underwrite, promote, lend one's name to, be a patron of, act as guarantor of, support, reverse, drive backwards, move backwards, cover, put a lining in

End:

Meanings of End:

  1. The last part of something, especially a period of time, activity or date.

  2. The farthest or farthest part or point of something.

  3. A goal or result.

  4. (Bowling and curling) Game sessions in a certain direction on the playing field.

  5. An offensive or defensive lineman close to the line of contact.

  6. Come or go to the end.

Sentences of End

  1. End of year

  2. Last house

  3. Each will use the other to achieve its goals

  4. Defensive end

  5. When the war ended, politics changed

Synonyms of End

conclusion, termination, ending, finish, close, resolution, ■■■■■■, finale, culmination, denouement, extremity, furthermost part, limit, margin, edge, border, boundary, periphery, aim, goal, purpose, objective, object, grail, holy grail, target, mission, conclude, terminate

Ratio:

Meanings of Ratio:

  1. A quantitative relationship between two quantities, indicating how many times one value joins another or joins another.

Sentences of Ratio

  1. The employment rate for men and women is 8 to 1

Synonyms of Ratio

proportion, comparative extent, comparative number, quantitative relation, correlation, relationship, correspondence, balance

How do you calculate a back end ratio? The backend ratio is calculated by adding up all of the borrower's monthly debt payments and dividing the total by the borrower's monthly income. For example, consider a borrower whose monthly income is $5,000 ($60,000 per year divided by 12) and whose total monthly debt payment is $2,000.

How do you calculate front end ratio?

To calculate your starter ratio, add your projected living expenses and divide it by the amount you earn each month before taxes (your monthly gross income). Multiply the result by 100 and this is your front DTI coefficient.

How to calculate back end DTI?

You get your basic DTI ratio by dividing your monthly housing costs and other debts by your monthly income (gross). To get the percentage, multiply the quotient by 100. Backend DTI = Total Debt/Income x 100 For example, let's say you earn $9,000 gross per month.

What is back end debt to income ratio?

Definition: The debt-to-income ratio is a comparison of the amount of money a person earns (measured as gross monthly income) and the amount he spends on all recurring monthly debts, including house payments.

How do you calculate DTI?

The debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is a financial instrument used to measure the relationship between a person's debt and their income. The DTI ratio is calculated by dividing recurring monthly debt payments by monthly gross income.

How to caculate debt-to-income ratio?

Your debt-to-debt ratio is all your monthly debt payments divided by your gross monthly income. This number allows lenders to assess whether you can manage your monthly payments to get back the money you want to borrow. To calculate your debt ratio, add up all of your monthly payments and divide by your monthly gross income.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: How do you calculate a golden ratio?

Measure the width of each eye and the distance between the eyes. The ideal ratio occurs when the distance between the eyes is equal to the width of each eye. Measure the length of an ear, which corresponds perfectly to the length of the nose, using the golden ratio.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What is a front end ratio?

The initial ratio is a ratio that shows how much of a person's income goes toward mortgage payments. When lenders approve mortgages, the origination rate is calculated as a person's monthly living expenses divided by their gross monthly income and is used in conjunction with the final rate.

What is a mortgage front end ratio?

front report. Employees of Investopedia. The initial ratio, also known as the mortgage income ratio, is a ratio that indicates how much of a person's income goes toward mortgage payments. The initial ratio is calculated by dividing a person's expected monthly mortgage payment by their gross monthly income.

What is the back end ratio for VA?

For FHA loans, the current qualifying rates are 31% for advance rates and 43% for prime rates. For borrowers under FHA low-energy homes, the ratios rise to 33% and 45%, respectively. For VA loans, the maximum backend ratio to qualify for a new mortgage is 41%.

What are front end ratios?

What is the foreground? The initial ratio, also known as the mortgage income ratio, is a ratio that indicates how much of a person's income goes toward mortgage payments.

:brown_circle: How do you calculate the back-end ratio?

The back-end ratio can be calculated by adding the borrower's total monthly debt costs and dividing by their monthly gross income. Below is the formula: Add up all the monthly debt payments.

What is a good back-end ratio for student loans?

As a general rule, the borrower's credit rating should not exceed 36%, but there are exceptions when the ratio for those with exceptional credit reaches 50%. The back-end ratio can be calculated by adding the borrower's total monthly debt costs and dividing by their monthly gross income.

:brown_circle: What is the difference between front end and back end ratio?

In contrast to the internal ratio, the external ratio for mortgages is limited to 28%. The higher the ratio, the more likely the borrower will default on the mortgage loan, and vice versa if the ratio is lower.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What happens to the back-end ratio when the numerator decreases?

If the numerator decreases and the denominator increases, the backend ratio will drop significantly compared to the previous two scenarios. The initial ratio is similar to the final ratio, but the main difference is that the initial ratio only considers the mortgage as indebted.

What is the debt-to-income ratio for a FHA loan?

2020 FHA Debt-to-Income (DTI) Requirements and Limitations Debt-to-Income Ratio Determination. The debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is a percentage that indicates how much of a person's income is used to pay off recurring debt. 2018 DTI limits on FHA loans: 31% / 43%. Compensation factors for heavily indebted borrowers.

:brown_circle: What are FHA DTI ratios?

Lenders use debt ratios (DTIs) to determine how much house you can afford. Most mortgages require a maximum DTI ratio of 41%. However, FHA loans are a type of mortgage that allows higher DTI rates, making approval easier for low-income borrowers.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What is a financial front end ratio?

Front ratios calculate the amount of gross income used to cover housing costs. For a homeowner, the initial rate can be calculated by adding up all housing costs, such as mortgage and insurance payments, and dividing it by the owner's gross income.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What is front end DTI?

The initial debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is the change in the debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which calculates the portion of a person's gross income that is spent on housing costs. When a homeowner has a mortgage, the initial DTI is usually calculated as housing expenses (such as mortgage payments, mortgage insurance, etc.) divided by gross income.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: How do you calculate a back end ratio for va loans is

The first part examines the relationship between your gross monthly income and your new mortgage payments. The backend ratio takes into account all your most important monthly expenses. What is the maximum DTI for a VA loan?

How do I calculate debt-to-income ratio for VA loans?

Divide the $1,400 debt by your $4,500 gross monthly income to get a 31% DTI ratio. The DTI gives an indication of a borrower's potential ability to obtain a VA loan. A high DTI probably indicates to VA lenders that the borrower needs to exercise more financial control. However, not all income is treated equally.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How do you calculate the back end of a loan?

Calculation of the backend coefficient. The backend ratio is calculated by adding up all of the borrower's monthly debt payments and dividing the total by the borrower's monthly income. For example, consider a borrower whose monthly income is $5,000 ($60,000 per year divided by 12) and whose total monthly debt payment is $2,000.

How do you calculate front end ratio on a loan?

Divide your mortgage payment by your monthly income to calculate your initial interest. For example, if a borrower has $1,500 in debt and $1,000 on a mortgage with a $6,000 monthly salary, then their starting ratio is $1,000 / $6,000 = .

How do you calculate final drive ratio?

The final gear ratio is calculated by multiplying the primary gear ratio (P) by the internal gear ratio (I). This relationship takes into account the possible speed between the engine and the wheels. The acceleration response depends on the type of vehicle, engine, wheels, number of teeth in each gear and many other factors.

:brown_circle: What is front end housing ratio?

The starting ratio (or home value to income ratio) is the monthly cost of housing (principal, interest, taxes and insurance, or PITI) divided by monthly gross income. Standard underwriting criteria for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages include an initial rate of 28% and a final rate of 36%.

How do you calculate front end ratio mortgage

The initial ratio is calculated by dividing a person's expected monthly mortgage payment by their gross monthly income. A mortgage payment generally includes principal, interest, taxes, and mortgage insurance (PITI). Lenders use the opening price in combination with the closing price to determine the amount borrowed.

:brown_circle: What is a good debt-to-income ratio for a mortgage?

  • The debt-to-income ratio (DTI) compares your total debts and liabilities to your total income.
  • Lenders take DTI into account when deciding to lend to a potential borrower and at what interest rate.
  • A good DTI is less than 36%, and anything above 43% can prevent you from getting a loan.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How to calculate front ratio?

The transfer rate is calculated using the formula Annual Transfer Rate = (your gross annual salary x)/12 Monthly Transfer Rate = your gross monthly salary x.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: How do you calculate front end ratio for fha

The initial ratio is calculated by dividing a person's expected monthly mortgage payment by their gross monthly income. A mortgage payment generally includes principal, interest, taxes, and mortgage insurance (PITI).

What are the qualifying ratios for FHA loans?

In addition to the qualifying conditions, there are other requirements that you must meet in order to qualify for an FHA loan. For the deposit you need a minimum credit score of 580. You must have 2 years of work experience with the same employer. Must have at least 2 years since bankruptcy and 3 years since foreclosure.

What is front end debt to income ratio for mortgage?

Initial Debt-to-Income (DTI) Ratio To qualify for a mortgage, a borrower often needs to have a lower initial debt-to-income ratio that bills on time, stable income, and good credit just don't qualify. You are obliged to take out a mortgage.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How do you calculate front-end debt-to-income ratio?

There is a special formula for calculating the initial debt-to-income ratio. To calculate your starting DTI, add up your projected living expenses and divide it by the amount you earn each month before taxes (your monthly gross income). Multiply the result by 100 and this is your front DTI coefficient.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How do lenders use the front-end ratio?

Lenders use the opening price in combination with the closing price to determine the amount borrowed. When deciding whether to renew a mortgage, lenders consider debt-to-income (DTI) more important than a steady income, paying bills on time, and a high FICO score. One type of DTI coefficient is the front coefficient.

:brown_circle: How do you calculate the front end of a mortgage?

front ratio. This is calculated on the total monthly housing costs after deduction of the income. This means that not only the payments of the owner-occupied home are taken into account, but also related costs such as insurance, property taxes and the like.

What is the back end ratio for a conventional loan?

Again, the recommendations limit your internal rate based on the loan type. FHA Loans The maximum coverage ratio for an FHA home loan is 41%. Regular The maximum rate for a regular loan is 36%.

:brown_circle: How to calculate back end dti ratio

To estimate the backend DTI ratio, take the sum of all your monthly debts and divide it by your monthly gross income. To get the percentage, multiply the quotient by 100. Base DTI Ratio = (Total Monthly Debt / Monthly Gross Income) * 100.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How to calculate DTI, your debt-to-income ratio?

You can calculate your debt-to-income ratio by dividing your monthly income by your monthly payments: DTI = Monthly Debt / Monthly Debt Income. First, add up your total monthly debt payments, including the following: .

:brown_circle: What is back end DTI?

The final DTI is the ratio of all your expenses on your credit report, plus your new mortgage payment, including taxes and insurance, to your monthly gross income.

Back end ratio mortgage

The back-end ratio is a measure of the percentage of monthly income used to pay off debt. Lenders, such as bondholders or mortgage lenders, use the ratio to determine the borrower's ability to manage and pay monthly expenses.

How do I calculate DTI?

The debt-to-income ratio, also known as DTI, is calculated by dividing your debt payment by your monthly income. In some cases, this ratio is calculated by adding several debts together and then dividing it by your monthly income.

Front-end

Definition of front-end (record 1 of 2) 1: associated, associated or required at the start of a business or commercial transaction with no initial payment at the time of investing It is specially dedicated to financial matters and speaks the language of front-end money , back end of money and everything else.

What is the definition of front end?

Couple. Last name. Front End Definition (Record 2 of 2) 1: A computer system unit used to manage a data connection between terminals and a host computer, and often for data preprocessing.

What is the front end and the back end?

  • Dial. A frontend developer is not a designer.
  • Couple. Interface is everything related to user interface and interactions.
  • back-end The back-end is what you can't see directly in the browser.
  • The whole. Finally, they reach the role of full stack developer, combining backend and frontend.
  • Conclusion.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How does front end work?

Front-end developers work in the section that users usually see. Interaction, the look and feel of the website compared to the layout of the UI/UX designer. Back-end developers work on the parts of a website that need to respond to user actions.

:brown_circle: How to learn front end?

A practical guide to learning front-end development for beginners before you get started. If you decide to study alone, there is a lot of information on the internet and it is difficult to understand everything. Responsive site. Javascript algorithms and data structures. Glue things together. Front Libraries. Continue. Luck!

How to calculate back end dti for fha loan

This number is compared to your income to calculate the final installment. To determine the DTI ratio, simply take your total debt and divide it by your income. For example, if your debt is $2,000 per month and your monthly income is $6,000, your DTI is $2,000 ÷ $6,000 or 33%.

:brown_circle: What is back end debt ratio?

What is the background ratio? The base ratio, also known as the debt-to-income ratio, is a ratio that indicates how much of a person's monthly income is spent paying off debt.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: Back-end development definition

Backend development refers to server side development. He is specialized in databases, scripts, website architecture. Contains behind-the-scenes actions that take place when an action is performed on a website.

:brown_circle: What is front end and back end developer?

In development terminology, the user interacts with the external interface (what happens in the application itself) and with the internal interface (popularly called the application's gears) that happens on the server. There was a time when front-end and back-end developers claimed that front-end design didn't require much or any programming knowledge.

:brown_circle: What is backend development?

Back-end development typically involves developing the underlying business logic of your application. Specifically, back-end development is done on the server side (as opposed to front-end development, which is done on the client side). ###Structured Query Language (SQL) A language for interacting with database systems.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What is back end web development?

The internal web developer is responsible for the web application logic on the server side and integrates the work of external web developers. Backend developers typically write web services and APIs that are used by frontend and mobile app developers.

What is back end software developer?

A back-end developer is a type of programmer who creates the logical back-end and underlying computer logic of a website, software, or information system. The developer creates components and functions that the user can access indirectly through an external application or system.

What does a front end web developer do?

A front-end developer is a programmer who programs the interface of a website. Usually, the job of front-end developers is to convert website layout files into plain HTML, JavaScript (JS), and/or CSS. This includes the basic design/layout of the website, images, content, buttons, navigation and internal links.

:brown_circle: What are the requirements to become a front end web developer?

Front-end web developers should have a thorough understanding of scripting (JavaScript and ActionScript), markup languages, and stylesheets such as HTML, XML, and CSS. It also requires experience with common programs such as Flash and Photoshop, as well as basic knowledge of web server administration.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What is back-end development?

  • Back-end development refers to server-side development.
  • The skills of back-end developers include development languages, database and cache, servers, APIs (REST and SOAP), etc.
  • A back-end web developer must understand the goals of a website and come up with effective solutions.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What does on the back end mean?

The back of the side of the object facing the front of his room was facing the back of the hotel. back back.

What does "back end" of website mean?

The backend is generally seen as the administration part of the site, in which you can make various settings. The actual planned website can usually be found at. For a WordPress website, this changes to: .

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What is front end and back end in computer?

External and internal interfaces are the start and end point of any software or network processing system. An external interface, a hardware device that protects a computer from traffic, is on the perimeter of a network connection. The backend consists of routers and/or servers (databases and networks).

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What is a back end?

Definition: back end. The last part refers to the range of products or services that a company sells or resells to a customer who has already made an initial purchase from the company. In other words, final sales refer to sales to existing customers.

How do you calculate your debt to income ratio?

To calculate your debt ratio, add up all of your monthly payments and divide by your monthly gross income. Your gross monthly income is usually the amount you earned before taxes and other deductions.

How do I decrease my debt to income ratio?

Use money from your second job or company to pay off your debt and lower your debt ratio. Divide your income by your total debt payments to calculate your debt-to-income ratio. To qualify for a mortgage, your debt-to-income ratio must not exceed 36%.

What is back end debt to income ratio calculator

How to Calculate Your Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI) It's as simple as taking the sum of all your monthly debt payments and dividing that number by your total monthly income. However, you must first make sure that you include all of your commitments: .

How do I calculate my debt to income ratio?

The debt-to-income ratio is calculated by dividing the total monthly debt payments by the total amount of compensation. In some cases, some lenders use gross wages (before taxes) instead of net wages for this calculation.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: What is the equation to find debt to income ratio?

  • Add up your monthly payments on your debts, including credit cards, loans, and mortgages.
  • Divide your total monthly debt payments by your monthly gross income.
  • The result is a decimal number, so multiply the result by 100 to get the DTI percentage.

How do you determine debt to income ratio?

To find the debt-to-income ratio, a person divides the sum of all monthly debt payments by their gross monthly income.

:brown_circle: What is back end debt to income ratio for mortgage approval

Backend DTI Ratio: The Backend DTI Ratio is the amount of your income divided by your monthly debt, including your estimated mortgage payment. The maximum back-end DTI ratio is 43%. In some cases, a DTI ratio of up to 50% may be acceptable. 36% is the ideal DTI ratio for a home loan.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How much back-end debt is acceptable for a mortgage?

Higher ratios increase the likelihood that a borrower will default on a mortgage loan. According to Bank of America, most lenders want principal to be no more than 36% of a consumer's gross income. Government-guaranteed mortgages offer different standards for the DTI ratio.

How to calculate back end debt-to-income ratio (DTI)?

How to Calculate Your Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI) It's as simple as taking the sum of all your monthly debt payments and dividing that number by your total monthly income. However, you must first include all your obligations: mortgage payment car payment credit card payment student/consumer loans .

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: How do you calculate debt-to-income ratio for mortgage?

You can calculate your DTI by adding up your minimum monthly debt payments and dividing by your monthly pre-tax income. When you apply for a mortgage, you must meet the maximum DTI requirements so that your lender knows that you are not taking on more debt than you can handle.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What is back end debt to income ratio calculator to buy a home

Lenders typically focus on forward rates of 28% or less. The final ratio looks at the percentage of your non-mortgage debt and should be less than 36% if you are looking for a loan or line of credit. It's as simple as taking the total of all your monthly payments and dividing that number by your total monthly income.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: How do Lenders calculate debt to income ratio?

The debt-to-income ratio is calculated by adding up all of your personal debts and dividing that number by your gross monthly income. Then multiply the resulting number (which must have a decimal) by 100 to get the percentage. To be attractive to a traditional lender, your number must be less than 35%.

How can I lower my debt to income ratio?

One of the fastest ways to lower your debt-to-GDP ratio is to lower your monthly debt. You can do this by increasing the amount you spend on debt repayment. Make sure to pay more than the minimum amount on as many debts as possible.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What is back end debt to income ratio formula

BackEnd Ratio = (Total Monthly Cost of Debt/Monthly Gross Income) x 100 Lenders use this ratio along with the original ratio to approve mortgages. DISTRIBUTION BackEnd ratio .

How to calculate debt to income ratio?

Add your debts. First add up all your debts. Liabilities commonly used to calculate the debt-to-income ratio include mortgage payments (including taxes and freeze insurance) or rent payments, car payments, and non-debt-related expenses. Your debt-to-GDP counter only includes expenses that qualify as debt. This is not the amount of your monthly debt. Add up your gross income. Add up all the pre-tax income sources. Part
Step 1 by
Step 3. Divide your total monthly debt as shown in
Step 1 according to your gross income in the sense
Step 3. This is your current debt ratio!

Installment sale

An installment purchase is a financing agreement where the seller makes payments to the buyer over an extended period of time. In an installment purchase, the buyer receives the goods at the beginning of the installment payment and makes payments during the installment payment.

How do you calculate installment sale?

Calculate the reported gross profit and enter it on the balance sheet as the accounts receivable equivalent. To calculate deferred gross profit, multiply the balance of the outstanding payments by the gross profit percentage. Suppose a company raised only $140,000 for a $500,000 project.

What is the purpose of installment sales?

The hire-purchase method is often used to account for sales of durable goods, retail sales of land, and retirement properties. Under the cost recovery method, another method of recognizing revenue after the sale, no profit is recognized until all costs have been recovered.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What does installment sales mean?

Installment Sales The sale of an asset for a series of fixed payments (in installments). A sale where the buyer makes a series of payments rather than a single payment to the seller. A sale that requires the buyer to make a series of payments over a period of time.

What is the basis for installment sale?

By buying in installments, the buyer agrees to pay the seller regularly over a period of time. The total purchase price is divided by the number of years in the term. In addition, interest is charged in installments.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: Conventional loan back end ratio

The default back-end rate caps are 36% for traditional loans and 41% for FHA loans. It covers your payments to the creditor if you fail to pay your debt. With an income of $4,000, a 36% rate equals $1,440.

What is the front end debt to income ratio for conventional loans?

There is no initial debt-to-income ratio for traditional credit. As long as borrowers can meet the 50% debt-to-income ratio for traditional credit requirements, the initial debt-to-income ratio doesn't matter. What is the relationship between debt and income?

What is a good back-end DTI ratio for a conventional loan?

As a general rule, traditional lenders prefer borrowers with a backend DTI ratio of no more than 36%. However, depending on your financial profile, they can be as high as 43%. If you have compensating factors, such as a student loan, some lenders may allow up to 50%.

:diamond_shape_with_a_dot_inside: What are front-end and back-end debt-to-income ratios?

These are the external interface DTI ratio and the internal DTI ratio. Frontend DTI measures all your home-related expenses, such as mortgage payments, property taxes, and home insurance, against your gross monthly income. On the other hand, the back of DTI includes all your living expenses and your other debts.

What is the minimum back-end debt-to-income ratio to get a mortgage?

Borrowers must maintain a primary DTI of no more than 43% to qualify for a qualifying mortgage. But to be safe, most traditional lenders prefer to keep the back-end DTI ratio below 36%.

:eight_spoked_asterisk: Back end ratio calculator

The back-end ratio can be calculated by adding the borrower's total monthly debt costs and dividing by their monthly gross income. Below is the formula: Add up all the monthly debt payments. Divide your total monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income. Multiply the value by 100 to get the percentage.

Back end ratio formula

Backend Rate Formula The following formula is used to calculate the borrower's backend rate. BER = R/L * 100 .

back end ratio

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